Finishing

 FINISHING

 PLASTERING

Plaster is the art of covering rough walls, lintels, ceiling sand uneven surfaces in the construction of buildings and other structures. Normally plastering was done to

Ø  Improve the appearance and to provide a true even smooth and finished surface to the walls.

Ø  Cover the defective workmanship and to cover up the course materials.

Ø  To give suitable ground for white wash, color wash or paint.

Ø  Protect the surface from harmful defects of atmospheric influences.

Ø  To cover up bad porous materials

A mortar of cement: sand is the proportion of 1:6 is usually recommended for plaster at our site for internal and external walls.

 SURFACE PREPARATION OF WALLS FOR PLASTERING

There are quite a lot of preparations to do before the plastering of walls commence. Surface to be rendered must clean and free from all dust, loose materials and etc. Before plastering surplus mortar present on the wall should chipped off. Otherwise the plaster was not attached to the wall tightly.

The blocks can be absorb the water in the plaster mixture as it is begin applied to the wall, the coating of the plaster next to the block work will dry out too quickly and fail to set. Should increase dampness of the wall before commence plastering.

In the wall plastering process following steps was followed. In the mixing stage of mortar used special chemical and called ‘Feb Mix’. By using Feb -mix can obtain more advantages.

 FEB MIX

Feb mix is liquid chemical and used to enhance workability and freeze thaw resistance of mortar. Feb mix is recommended for use with cement sand mortar both for brick or block lying and for plastering to achieve superior quality masonry work and renderings.

 ADVANTAGES OF FEB MIX

Ø  Ultra stability of air bubble give prolonged resistance to freeze thaw

Ø  Uniform air entrainment in the structure imparts homogeneity of the mortar matrix

Ø  Formulation ensure effectiveness with most type of Portland cement and rough sand

Ø  Micro air bubble minimize tendency to bleed and segregate

Ø  Increase the cohesion of mortar reduce wastage specially during over hand or vertically plastering

Ø  Imparts a creamy consistency to mortar that help in easier and faster mortar speed Ø Increases coverage of mortar by upto10%.

Pre mix Feb mix with the gauging water at the required dosage or add directly in to the mix along the water control water addition carefully as admixture considerably reduced the water demand for the achieving the required consistency, due to his superior plastering effect.            The recommendation dosage of Feb mix is 70ml to 140ml per 50kg of cement. Site trials with text mixes should be conducted to determine the optimum dosage. The dosage will vary from following factor.

Ø  Type of proportion of cement in the mix

Ø  Graduation of sand

Ø  Method of mixing

In our site we used 85 ml of Feb mix for the 50 kg of cement

 PLASTERING PROCEDURE

Ø  Corner of the wall should plaster as it obtain 90⁰ angles. By using string, tape and with the help of Pithagaraous theorem (3, 4, 5 method) plaster points were marked.

Ø  The required thickness of the plaster was marked using cement mortar with broken tile pieces. (15mm)

Ø  The level was maintained using a plumb-bob.

Ø  Those tiles pieces were kept to level the wall surface easily by leveling bar.

Ø  The 1:5 cement sand mortar was applied on the wall surface using masonry’s trowel.

Ø  Afterwards the surface was rubbed by leveling bar (straight edge) and a leveled surface was obtained. Rough wall finishing was done for the exterior wall where as smooth wall finishing for the interior wall.

 TOOLS USED FOR PLASTERING

Ø  Straight edge

Ø  Sprit level

Ø  Gauging trowel

Ø  Brush

Ø  Plumb mob

Ø  Finishing trowel

PAINTING

 APPLYING OF WALL COMPOUND (External/ Internal)

After finishing plastering wall compounds are applied to the internal and external walls. Wall compound consists of 50Kg bags and it should be mixed with water. To mixed compound with water used drilling machine with steel rod and it’s vary helpful to mixed compound with water properly. After mixing applied to wall was done by using gauging trowel. After applying first coat should keep to drying  and then sand papers applied to obtain smooth and even surface. After doing above procedure second coat was applied and same procedure was done for the second coat. External wall compound was used for external walls and internal wall compound to internal walls.

Finally emulsion (for internal walls) weather shield (External walls) was painted twice on walls. By using roller brush, and normal brushes emulsion paints are applied to the walls.

Smooth and even surface was obtained by using sand papers.

 FLOOR CONCRETING

After completing of the entire plastering work floor concreting works are began. First we should be backfilled and it compacting well by using rammer machine and then special treatment to soil is done. After soil treatment gave the floor concrete level by using the leveling instrument. As per the drawing requirement we should level the floor.

 For Example

Ø  If the tiling floor we have to kept 35 mm leveling drop rather than normal level.

Ø  If it is a rendering floor we have to kept 25 mm drop.

RENDERING WORK

Rendering is the most commonly floor finishes method. Before start the rendering work the concrete floor must be clean and chip, wash properly. Until removing the lose particle and dust. Then the top level of the rendering bed was mark at the corners of the floor area by using mortar pots. And the thickness of the bed was not less than 20 mm. In our site we have to face many difficulties due to level variation of the slab and floor concreting.

Therefore, before design the finish floor level we have to get the spot level of the slab and then get the average value for rendering work.

First the skirting was finish. The height of the skirting was 100 mm and it thickness was 10 mm. Then cement mortar is laid on the concrete floor. The cement: sand ratio of the mortar was 1:3 is used for floor rendering. To have a smooth and level the rendering floor straight edge and trowel were used. After applying cement-sand motor cement grout was applied on top of it to get required color and smooth, even surface. The rendered floor should be cured. Can use gunny bag system to curing and curing is done to prevent the surface cracks and hollows.

 SPECIAL TREATMENT TO SOIL (ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENTS)

After compaction was completed, Starts the anti- termite works to areas where concreting workers has to be done. In Digana housing project used Biflex 10 TC Chemical for that work. Mix proportion should be 1 -1.5 chemical in to the 100 liter part of the water

First they make the holes of compacted area by using drill machine; depth should not be less than 1ft. Distance in between two holes should not be less than 1 m. Then Biflex 10 TC mixture pressed in to the holes and floor area by using the spray machine. Then by using the polythene sheet covered the treatment areas and then concreting workers done.

TILING

Tilling is used as a floor finishing method to get aesthetic appearance. And also it is durable & easy clean up finishing method. Before starting the tiling work following item should be completed

Ø  Apply paint first coat

Ø  Fixing ceiling grids

Ø  Complete the plumbing work

TOOLS USED FOR TILING

Tile Cutter                   - Tile cutter used to cut the tile pieces for relevant area

Grinder                        - Grinderies used to grind the tile edges and cut the pieces

Rubber hammer And - Leveling the tile and, to fixed to the better way Spirit level

Scraper                        - To apply mortar on the tile bed and tile

  ADVANTAGES OF USING TILING

•      Stain resistant

•      Waterproofing

•      Crack resistant

•      Dirt resistant

•      Easy water clean up

•      Suitable for indoor & out door work

•      Anti fungus

TILING PROCEDURE

Ø  Mark ed the tile bed level on the concrete slab

Ø  According to that 1:3 cement sand tile bed was done on the concrete slab Ø On top of the tile bed cement slurry was used & tiles were placed on top of it.

Ø  5mm spacing was kept between tiles.

Ø  Using sprit level check the horizontality

Ø  Rubber hammer was used to fix the tiles

Ø  After that Polymer modified hydraulic cement grout was used in the spacing

Ø  Rubber float was used to apply that grout in to the joints & to remove the excess grout from the surface of the tiles

Ø  After 24 hours a soft dry cloth was used to clean up the grout haze

                                                                        Figure9.2: Wall Tilling

                                                                            Figure9.1: Floor Tiling 

GROUTING

The grout was mixed with clear water to get a thick foam Then the grout was applied around the all joints and empress firmly in to gaps. Excess grout should be wiped out with the sponge or cloth. The floor was left to harden grout for 24 hrs before walking on the surface.

The correct tools for tiling and grouting must be used to obtain good results.

DURRA BOARD CELLING

Durra bo
ard is unique solid building panel manufacture from densely compressed rice straw using extreme pressure and heat in manufacturing process. A variety of surface finishes may be applied on durra board to suit specific application

  PRODUCT FEATURES

•      High quality

•      Cost saving

•      Speedy simple installation

•      Reduce labour time

•      Strength and durability

•      Sound absorption

•      Thermal resistance

•      Fire resistance

•      Impact resistance

•      Self supporting no form work

Table 10.1: Product features of Durra Board

Thickness	50mm-58mm
Width	1187mm
Length	2400 & 2700
Impact resistance	2.36 MPa
Weight	18.5 kg
Fire resistance	1 Hr